The Biden Administration has recently outlined its strategy for achieving zero-emission freight transportation in the United States. These plans are focused on developing adequate infrastructure for electric vehicle (EV) charging and hydrogen dispensing along major U.S. freight corridors. This strategy has been developed by the Joint Office of Energy and Transportation, in collaboration with the Department of Energy (DOE), Department of Transportation (DOT), and the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). This article delves into the structure of the National Zero-Emission Freight Corridor Strategy, its execution timeline, and the implications thereof for the transport industry.
The National Zero-Emission Freight Corridor Strategy
Presently, the U.S. is committed to achieving a 30% sales rate for zero-emission commercial vehicles by 2030 and this rate is expected to reach 100% by 2040. In order to accomplish these ambitious targets, the government has proposed a four-stage infrastructure strategy. The National Zero-Emission Freight Corridor Strategy is an integral part of this overarching project, which prioritizes the establishment of multiple zero-emission medium-duty and heavy-duty commercial vehicles.
The Infrastructure Strategy
The four phases of the infrastructure strategy span about 16 years, from 2024 to 2040, aligning with the overall timeline for reaching the emission targets. Phase one, ranging from 2024 to 2027, will focus on setting up hubs that will serve as logistical points for hydrogen fueling and EV charging. Phase two, from 2027 to 2030, aims to connect these hubs over major freight corridors. The third phase, between 2030 and 2035, will extend these corridor-hub connections, while in the fourth phase, from 2035 to 2040, the government plans to further expand these connections and create a true national network.
The Need for the Strategy
Up until now, efforts to develop charging and fueling infrastructure for EVs and hydrogen-powered vehicles have mostly been regional. California, for instance, began devoting infrastructural funds to megawatt charging projects in 2021, but as of now, there are only a few stations operational. The new strategy provides a comprehensive plan and a roadmap for extending these efforts nationwide.
The Role of Private Entities
While the federal plan is underway, many private projects have been advancing their own infrastructure initiatives. For example, Daimler Trucks has committed to investing $650 million in its own hydrogen and charging network for big rigs. Whether the new governmental plan will allow for the allocation of federal funds to private projects is yet to be seen.
Future Trends
Looking at the long-term, many experts anticipate that megawatt charging and electric semis are expected to become more dominant, although there is considerable interest in continuing to explore the potential of hydrogen. For example, Daimler has proposed that liquid hydrogen might be a viable alternate solution. The federal strategy will play an instrumental role in guiding and shaping these market trends while working to achieve environmental goals.