In the quest for zero emissions in the trucking industry, major truckmakers are exploring the possibility of reworking combustion engines to run on low-emission hydrogen instead of diesel. This shift to hydrogen combustion engines is seen as a quicker, more cost-effective fix in the energy transition challenge faced by the industry. Companies like Volvo and MAN are at the forefront of this development, aiming to give a new lease of life to the technology that has been a key economic driver for countries like Germany.
Developing Hydrogen Combustion Engines
Truckmakers and their suppliers are focusing on developing hydrogen combustion engines as a quicker and more affordable solution compared to other technologies like electric batteries and hydrogen fuel cells. Switching to hydrogen combustion engines allows companies to leverage existing manufacturing lines, making the transition more feasible in the short term. Companies like MAN are planning to deliver around 200 trucks with engines running on hydrogen to European customers next year for testing in their fleets.
Challenges and Solutions
While switching to hydrogen combustion engines presents many advantages, there are still challenges that need to be addressed. Burning hydrogen in an engine can produce harmful emissions, requiring the implementation of filters to mitigate the impact. Additionally, hydrogen trucks need larger pressurized tanks than diesel trucks, necessitating innovations in tank design to address safety concerns associated with hydrogen’s flammable nature. Another major obstacle is the scarcity of green hydrogen, which is crucial for powering these combustion engines sustainably.
Coexisting Technologies
While the focus is on developing hydrogen combustion engines, truckmakers are also investing in hydrogen fuel cells as a complementary technology for certain vehicle types and uses. Companies like Volvo are planning to have both hydrogen combustion engine trucks and hydrogen fuel cell trucks available in the market in the coming years. This dual approach ensures that different customer needs are met while driving the industry towards zero emissions.
Transition Strategy
To facilitate a smoother transition to hydrogen-powered trucks, some manufacturers are considering using natural gas or biogas as an interim solution before green hydrogen becomes widely available. By adapting their natural gas models to accommodate hydrogen combustion engines, companies like Cummins aim to provide customers with a gradual path towards lower carbon emissions. This strategy not only helps manufacturers transition to cleaner technologies but also familiarizes fleet customers with alternative fuel options.
Future Outlook
Despite the challenges and uncertainties surrounding the adoption of hydrogen combustion engines, major truckmakers and suppliers are optimistic about the role this technology can play in the industry’s energy transition. By leveraging existing infrastructure and expertise in combustion engine production, companies are working towards a future where zero-emission hydrogen trucks are a reality. With ongoing advancements and investments in green hydrogen projects, the transition to cleaner transportation solutions in the trucking industry is well underway.