There is a disconnect between the expectations of EV drivers and the reality of fast-charging infrastructure. In a recent study by Recurrent Auto, it was found that average charging speeds were only around 90 kW, significantly less than the maximum capacity. Public charging stations often display the maximum charging rate, leading consumers to have false expectations of the speed at which their EV can charge. This has led to concerns about the adoption of electric vehicles in the U.S., where charging speed has become a key marketing metric for automakers.
Factors Affecting Charging Speed
EV charging speed is affected by various internal and external factors. For starters, an EV can only charge at a certain rate depending on the model and temperature. Extreme temperatures can damage lithium-ion batteries, prompting automakers to program their cars to slow down charging in certain conditions. Additionally, charging naturally slows down as the battery approaches full capacity to prevent overheating. Each vehicle has a unique charging curve that determines how fast it can charge.
Charging Infrastructure Limitations
Beyond the capabilities of the EV itself, charging networks also impact charging speed. Factors such as grid capacity and power dilution can affect the speed at which an EV can charge. Many stations split power between multiple cars, reducing the overall charging rate. This limitation is a barrier to achieving faster and more efficient charging for electric vehicles in the U.S.
Consumer Expectations and Education
There is a significant gap between consumer expectations and the reality of charging speeds. Consumers often have false expectations of the charging rate based on the numbers displayed on the charger. Charging executives acknowledge the need for better education for consumers, especially those new to electric vehicles. While the complexity of charging speed may never be fully resolved, efforts are being made to narrow the speed gap and improve the charging experience for EV drivers.
Future Trends in EV Charging
Despite the current challenges, the future of EV charging looks promising. Charging networks are building faster and larger stations that can accommodate higher charging rates. Carmakers are also increasing the maximum charging rate on new models to meet consumer expectations. As technology advances and infrastructure improves, the charging speed gap is expected to narrow in the near future.
Tips for Coping with Charging Challenges
In the meantime, EV drivers can take proactive steps to cope with the unpredictability of charging infrastructure. Planning ahead by using route-planning apps, checking charging network apps, and utilizing platforms like Plugshare can help mitigate charging challenges during road trips. By staying informed and prepared, EV drivers can navigate the current limitations of fast-charging infrastructure and enjoy the benefits of electric vehicle ownership.